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Two Ca-P ceramics (MBCP: macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate and Bonap: sintered bovine bone) were implanted in rabbit bone and were studied at days 3, 7, 14 and 21 after implantation. Resorption of the biomaterials and of the newly formed bone was observed from day 7. Two multi-nucleated cell types were involved in the resorption process: giant multinucleated cells (GMNC) and osteoclast-like cells...
Fretting corrosion damage of orthopaedic implant materials was recently reported as a cause of joint prosthesis failure. An original fretting corrosion device was built to study this specific type of wear, in artificial physiological liquid. The friction coefficient and electrochemical potentials were measuread during the friction tests. The fretting of TA6V4 titanium alloy rubbing against PMMA bone...
The left ventricular assist device under consideration in this paper is based on the principle of the Maillard-Wenkel rotary pump. Construction materials must meet stringent requirements. Titanium Nitride (TiN) has been chosen for its surface properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) TiN coating, to evaluate in vitro leukocyte adhesion and to confront...
Glutaraldehyde fixed porcine aortic valves are commonly used for the construction of bioprostheses. While fixation pressures have decreased over the years to improve leaflet mechanics, little is known about the effects of pre-stressing on the function of the two major components of the valve leaflet, the fibrosa and ventricularis. To investigate the effects of low levels of pre-stress during fixation...
The covalent association of a new artificial connective matrix with Vicryl lattice is described. The Vicryl offers strength and compliance while the original matrix resembles the natural sub-endothelium of arteries.
During the use of Chromatographie supports for the production of pure proteins or the cleansing of biological fluids by affinity chromatography, a leakage of ligands coupled to the matrix is generally observed. To study and minimize this one, a comparison of immunoadsorbents prepared with Sepharose CL-4B activated by various chemical reagents, and coupled to goat anti apoB polyclonal antibodies was...
A study on the dynamic loading in the lumbosacral joint during level walking was carried out. A simplified biomechanical model based on four single muscle equivalents and five free body segments; namely the foot, shank, thigh, pelvis and HAT (head, arms and trunk) was developed. In this model, the forces and moments acting on the lumbar spine come from body-segment mass, movements of the trunk and...
A mechanical method using strain gages has been developed to measure the elastic moduli of human cortical bone of the tibia. The average of elastic moduli measured were found to be for the radial modulus : Ei = 9.5 ± 0.4 GPa, for the tangential modulus : E2 = 11.5 ± 1.1 GPa and for the axial modulus: E3 = 21.3 ± 1.2 GPa. The technique has been validated by comparing the results with that of the ultrasonic...
Resonant frequencies and mode shapes were assessed on 51 human tibiae of healthy persons. In the frequency range of 0 to 1000Hz, three typical resonant frequencies were identified using vibration and modal analysis. These resonant frequencies were corresponding to a rigid body mode (I) at 126 ± 16 Hz in the sagittal plane, a single bending mode (II) at 353 ± 51 Hz and a double bending mode (III) at...
In revision hip arthroplasty when there is only a limited proximal bone stock available, the surgeon may use bone grafts to create a neo-medullary cavity to obtain a better fit of the stem. Our experimental model was the Exeter-type hip prosthesis, used in revision surgery. A thin cement layer (±2 mm) is used to fill the gaps between bone grafts and stem. Clinical experience has shown that a well-defined...
The present paper introduces a method to obtain the best state of the internal surface of a socket in lower-extremity prostheses. The finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze an axisymmetric structural model of the stump, while numerical optimization techniques are used to obtain the optimal shape and optimal stiffness pattern for internal surface of the socket.
The stress-strain pattern of tibia using FEM along with graphic displays were obtained to visualise the stress-distribution. A Condyler type cast-co-cr-mo alloy tibial stem lined with HDPE and fitted with uniform layer of PMMA in a tibia was also analysed using the anistrophic properties of bone. The effect of stem size, material cement layer thickness were studied. Total HDPE tibial component was...
Influence of the thigh muscles' contraction on the joint stability and the cruciate ligaments' stresses was quantitatively determined. A highly accurate computerized radiographie technigue was used in the experiment. A two-dimensional mathematical model analysis was performed as well.
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